Loneliness is common in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT） during protective isolation，which could affect their health outcomes. This article reviews the latest studies on loneliness，including concept，theory，influencing factors，assessment tools，and interventions. Currently，there are few studies on loneliness in HSCT patients in protective isolation in China and other countries. We propose to conduct some research to investigate the current status of loneliness，the influencing factors，and the relationship with patients’ mental health problems in the future，which could provide a theoretical basis for developing interventions to reduce the loneliness of the HSCT patients in protective isolation.

Objective To construct the decision-making behavior model of blood glucose management among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM） based on protection motivation theory. Methods A total of 1 261 pregnant women with GDM from 6 hospitals in Shanghai and Jiangsu province were selected by convenient sampling and investigated through the cross-sectional survey. The Self-Developed Blood Glucose Management Decision-Making Behavior Questionnaire，Protection Motivation Questionnaire，Knowledge Questionnaire and General Information Questionnaire were used to collect data. Multi-linear regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of decision-making behavior. Structural equation model was used to establish and revise the decision-making behavior model of blood glucose management. Results 1 181 pregnant women with GDM were included in this study. Vulnerability，severity，response efficacy，self-efficacy and response costs were influencing factors of blood glucose management decision-making behavior（P<0.001）. Perceived severity（β=0.204），vulnerability （β=0.196） and self-efficacy（β=0.336） had a direct positive influence on decision-making behavior. Perceived vulnerability had an indirect positive influence on decision-making behavior mediated by self-efficacy（β=0.136）. Response costs（β=-0.186） had a direct negative influence on decision-making behavior. Knowledge had an indirect influence on decision-making behavior mediated by response costs（β=0.016）. All the indicators for fit test were acceptable or optimal，and the path coefficients of model reached significant level（P<0.05）. Conclusion The decision-making behavior of blood glucose management among pregnant women with GDM could be improved through increasing perceived severity，vulnerability and confidence，providing more knowledge and decreasing barriers related to blood glucose management.

Objective To develop a multi-module rehabilitation nursing model，and apply it in intelligent follow-up of stroke patients，and evaluate the effect on symptom experience and quality of life of stroke patients. Methods From January 1，2020 to October 31，2021，a total of 316 stroke patients in the Department of Neurology of a tertiary A hospital in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected by convenience sampling. According to the order of admission time，160 patients admitted from January 1，2021 to October 31，2021 were selected as the experimental group. A total of 156 patients admitted from January 1 to October 31，2020 were selected as the control group. The historical control method was used to verify the effect of multi-module rehabilitation nursing model on symptom experience and quality of life of stroke patients during intelligent follow-up. Results The symptom experience of the experimental group was improved compared with that before intervention；the quality of life and self-management behavior were improved；compared with the control group，the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion The application of multi-module rehabilitation nursing model in intelligent follow-up of stroke patients can reduce or alleviate the symptom experience of stroke patients，and effectively improve their quality of life and self-management behavior.

Objective To retrieve,evaluate and summarize the evidence related to blood collection via central venous access devices for clinical references. Methods Systematic search was conducted in related websites and databases. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to December 7,2021,and the clinical decisions,systematic reviews,guidelines,evidence summaries,and expert consensuses were included. The quality of the literature was independently evaluated by evidence-based trained investigators and combined with professional judgment to extract information from the literature that met the quality standards. Results A total of 7 articles were included,including 6 guidelines and 1 systematic review. The best evidence included a total of 27 pieces of evidence in 4 areas,namely training of health care personnel,blood collection methods,collection of special samples,and quality control strategies for blood collection. Conclusion In the process of evidence transformation,medical staff should comprehensively consider the clinical contexts and individual factors of patients,and choose the best evidence,optimize the clinical behavior of blood specimen collection through central venous access devices,so as to improve the standardization and safety of blood specimen collection.

Objective To understand the motivation of blood glucose management behavior changes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）,in order to provide suggestions and evidence for promoting good blood glucose management in GDM patients. Methods Purposive sampling method was used to select 28 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus from September to December 2020 in 4 hospitals in Shanghai for semi-structured in-depth interviews. Content analysis was used to analyze and refine the theme. Results The motivation of blood glucose management behavior change of GDM pregnant women includes perceiving the severity of the disease,perceiving the risk of bad blood glucose management behaviors,and perceiving the benefits of healthy blood glucose management behavior. Conclusion Clinical nursing staffs can improve the awareness of GDM pregnant women on the severity of disease and the risk of bad blood glucose management behaviors,and improve the awareness of GDM pregnant women on healthy blood glucose management behaviors,so as to improve their motivation to change their poor blood glucose management behavior and unhealthy lifestyles.

Objective To summarize the best evidence of intermittent pneumatic compression（IPC） therapy in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema,and to provide references for clinical decision making. Methods According to “6S” model,we systematically searched the domestic and foreign databases to collect the evidence on IPC treatment for patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema,including guidelines,expert consensuses,systematic reviews,evidence summaries and recommended practice. The retrieval period was up to October 2021. The retrieved evidence was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 2 researchers independently evaluated the quality of included literature,extracted and summarized the available information. Results A total of 16 articles were involved,including 5 guidelines,1 evidence summary,7 systematic reviews and 3 expert consensuses. 25 pieces of evidence were synthesized into 6 categories,including indications,contraindications,treatment programs,treatment effects,monitoring and points for attention during IPC treatment. Conclusion IPC can be used as an adjunctive therapy for breast cancer-related lymphedema. Contraindications should be fully evaluated before IPC treatment,and recommended treatment programs should be followed. Potential complications should be monitored and prevented during the treatment.

Objective To describe the status of blood glucose management decision-making behavior of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）and to explore its influencing factors. Methods A total of 1 127 pregnant women with GDM from 6 hospitals in Shanghai and Jiangsu province were investigated with the blood glucose management protection motivation questionnaire,knowledge questionnaire,decision-making behavior questionnaire and general information questionnaire. Results The score of decision-making behavior in blood glucose management of pregnant women with GDM was 69.30±6.85,which is at a high level. Gestational age,vulnerability,severity,response efficacy,self-efficacy and response costs were influencing factors of blood glucose management decision-making behavior in pregnant women with GDM（P<0.05）. Conclusion Nursing professionals should strengthen GDM pregnant women’s protection motivation of blood glucose management,especially for women who during the third trimester. This study suggested that GDM women’s decision-making behavior of blood glucose management could be improved through increasing patient’s cognition of disease severity and vulnerability,enhancing response efficacy and self-efficacy,and reducing response costs.

Leukemia is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence in childhood. Assessing the symptom group can help to understand the symptoms experienced by children from a broader perspective,which is useful for the joint management of symptoms. This article reviews the content,characteristics and application of symptom cluster assessment tools for children with leukemia at home and abroad. It is recommended to develop specific assessment tools suitable for the identification of symptom clusters in children with leukemia based on the characteristics of existing universal tools and the disease characteristics of children with leukemia,so as to provide references for effective management to improve the quality of life of children.

This article summarizes the experience in the identification and treatment of 44 cases of patients with initial superior vena cava malposition occurred during peripherally inserted central catheter （PICC） line catheteriza-tion. The 1 370 patients with PICC catheterization in a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou from January to May 2020,among which 44 cases developed initial superior vena cava malposition with the occurrence rate of 3.2%. We were able to reposition in 43 cases through treatment guided by the B-scan ultrasonography and comprehensive analysis of the shape and amplitude of the P wave in intracavitary electrocardiogram. We observed in 1 case that the catheter was mistakenly delivered malposition to Azygos vein. The success rate is 97.7%.

Objective To explore the cross-lagged effect between cognitive function and depression in the elderly in communities.Methods Based on the longitudinal study,the cross-lagged panel model was used to analyze the cognitive function and depression performance of elderly people in 2013 and 2017. The cross-lagged effect was analyzed by the structural equation model.Results ①The results of ANOVA showed that the cognitive function and the depressive behavior have a decreasing trend with time,and the decline level of women is more severe;②The correlation analysis showed that the baseline cognitive function score was positively correlated with the follow-up cognitive function score（r=0.632,P<0.001）;the baseline depression score was positively correlated with the follow-up depression score（r=0.485,P<0.001）;the follow-up cognitive function score was negatively correlated with the follow-up depression score（r=-0.166,P=0.002）;the baseline cognitive function score did not have correlation with the baseline and follow-up depression scores（P>0.05）;③The results of cross-lagged regression analysis showed that the cognition at baseline positively predicted cognition at follow-up（ β=0.718,P<0.001） and depressive symptoms at follow-up（ β=-0.133,P=0.004）;the depressive symptoms at baseline positively predicted those at follow-up（ β=0.518,P<0.001）.But there was no significant predicted effect between cognition at baseline and depressive symptoms at baseline（ β=-0.155,P=0.006）.Conclusion The baseline cognitive function level of the elderly in the community have a predictive effect on the follow-up of depression,while the baseline depression level have no predictive effect on the follow-up of cognitive function,and the relationship between the cognition and depression should be further explored.

Objective To construct a hierarchical prevention scheme for venous thromboembolism（VTE） in orthopedic inpatients,so as to provide scientific and practical guidance for VTE prevention of clinical nurses. Methods Firstly,according to the evidence-based concept,researchers summarized the evidence of VTE prevention scheme,and a preliminary framework was formed. The preliminary prevention scheme consisted of 4 first-level indicators,12 second-level indicators,and 49 third-level indicators. Secondly,2 rounds of expert consultations among 23 doctors/nursing experts were conducted to determine the hierarchical prevention scheme. Results A total of 365 guidelines/expert consensuses were retrieved. Removal of duplicates was conducted for 83 articles,and 112 articles were screened out through reading abstracts. After further reading of the full text,7 guidelines and 3 expert consensuses were finally included. The hierarchical prevention scheme for VTE was constructed through expert consultations that included 4 first-level indicators,12 second-level indicators and 39 third-level indicators. The positive coefficients of experts in 2 rounds of consultations were both 100%,the authority coefficient was 0.863,and the coordination coefficients ranged from 0.111 to 0.192. Conclusion The hierarchical prevention scheme for VTE based on the Caprini scale is scientific. The results of this study can help high risk departments to establish the hierarchical prevention process and path for VTE,providing guidance basis for clinical nurses to carry out VTE prevention and improve patient safety.

Objective To collect,evaluate and integrate the available evidence of prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury,and summarize the best evidence. Methods Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario,National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence,Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,National Guideline Clearinghouse,Guidelines International Network,Medlive.cn,British Medical Journal Best Practice,UpToDate,Cochrane Library,Joanna Briggs Institute Library,PubMed,CINAHL,Embase,CNKI,WanFang Data,National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel,Wound Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society,the Association of perioperative Registered Nurses were researched to collect literatures including guidelines,systematic reviews and consensuses. The time limit for the retrieval is from the inception of databases until Decemeber 2019. The JBI evidence appraisal and recommendation system was used to evaluate the quality of studies and the level of evidence. Results 17 pieces of literature were retrieved,including 4 guidelines,12 systematic reviews and 1 consensus. Combined with the judgment of clinical experts,totally 27 peices of evidence were summarized,including risk assessment,skin assessment,position management,patient handover,temperature control,education and training,etc. Conclusion The prevention program of multi-section joint and multi-discipline cooperation should be formed according to the evidence. In the application and implementation of evidence,the best evidence should be selected according to the characteristics of the hospital and the clinical environment,and the management of patients should be standardized to reduce the incidence of intraoperative acquired pressure injury.

Objective To retrieve,appraise and integrate the available evidence on mechanical prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism（VTE） in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage so as to provide reference for clinical practice to decrease the rate of VTE.Methods Using the method of evidence-based nursing,clinical question regarding mechanical prophylaxis for venous thrombosis with cerebral hemorrhage was raised. Relevant studies were retrieved by computer search. JBI evidence appraisal and recommendation system were used to evaluate quality of studies and level of evidence.Results A total of 16 items of best evidence were summarized,including mechanical device selection,application methods,time arrangement,contraindication of mechanical prevention and disease observation.Conclusion It is safe and effective for patients with cerebral hemorrhage to adopt mechanical measures to prevent venous thromboembolism. Clinical nurses can apply the best evidence to guide practice and improve nursing quality.